CAUSES OF BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic factors and environmental influences. Although extensively studied, why some individuals with similar risk factors never develop cancer remains a scientific enigma. It’s possible that individual genetic variations play a pivotal role, among other yet-unknown factors.

While the exact causative agents remain unidentified, several risk factors have been identified.

BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS

Having a risk factor for breast cancer may elevate the likelihood of developing the disease, but it’s important to note that not everyone exposed to these factors will develop breast cancer. In fact, many women diagnosed with breast cancer have no known risk factors apart from being female.

PREVENTABLE BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS

1. Being Overweight After Menopause: Carrying excess weight, especially post-menopause, can heighten the risk of breast cancer. After menopause, body fat becomes a significant source of estrogen, potentially increasing the likelihood of breast cancer.
2. Alcohol Consumption: Studies indicate that each alcoholic beverage consumed daily may elevate the risk of breast cancer, particularly in women.
3. Lack of Physical Activity: Regular physical activity, even in the form of moderate walks, significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer.
4. Reproductive History: Women who delay childbirth or have their first child after the age of 30 face a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Early pregnancies and breastfeeding can lower this risk.
5. Birth Control Methods: Certain hormonal contraceptives may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer. However, it’s crucial to note that the absolute increase in risk is small.

NON-PREVENTABLE BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS

1. Genetic Factors: Inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for approximately 10% of breast cancer cases.
2. Family History: A family history of breast cancer, particularly among first-degree relatives, increases an individual’s risk.
3. Breast Density: Women with denser breast tissue face a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Additionally, dense breast tissue can make detection more challenging.
4. Benign Breast Conditions: Certain non-cancerous breast conditions, like hyperplasia, fibroadenomas, and sclerosing adenosis, can elevate the risk of breast cancer.
5. Previous Breast Cancer History: Women with a history of breast cancer are at a higher risk of developing it again.

BREAST CANCER PREVENTION

While some risk factors for breast cancer are uncontrollable, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight and engage in regular exercise.
• Limit alcohol consumption.
• Minimize exposure to radiation, such as from medical x-rays.
• Prioritize regular screenings for early detection.
• Consider genetic testing if you have a strong family history of breast cancer.
• If you notice any changes in your breasts, consult a healthcare professional promptly.