THE RISK FACTORS

While the precise cause of lung cancer remains elusive, several risk factors heighten the likelihood of its development. It’s important to note that exposure to these factors doesn’t guarantee the onset of lung cancer, but it does elevate the risk.

PREVENTABLE RISK FACTORS

• Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor, with approximately 80% of lung cancer deaths attributed to it. Tobacco smoke, laden with over 7000 chemicals, including 70 known carcinogens, can damage cellular DNA, paving the way for uncontrolled growth and tumor formation.
• Secondhand Smoke: Also known as Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), secondhand smoke carries even higher concentrations of carcinogens and nicotine. Even non-smokers exposed to it face an increased risk of lung cancer.
• Radon Exposure: This colorless, odorless, radioactive gas is a leading cause of lung cancer, particularly in non-smokers. Radon can seep into indoor spaces, where it breaks down into solid radioactive elements, posing a threat when inhaled.
• Exposure to Carcinogenic Substances: Occupational exposure to substances like asbestos, diesel exhaust, and certain metals amplifies the risk, especially in conjunction with smoking.
• Beta Carotene Supplements: Studies suggest that beta carotene supplements may heighten the risk for smokers, emphasizing the importance of cautious supplementation.

NON-PREVENTABLE RISK FACTORS

Family History: A genetic predisposition, especially in families with a history of lung cancer, can elevate the risk.

Previous Chest Radiation Therapy: Survivors of cancers treated with chest radiation face an increased risk, particularly if they also smoke.

Air Pollution: Areas with dense populations and high traffic volumes expose individuals to pollutants that can damage lung cells and potentially lead to tumor development.

TAKING CONTROL: REDUCING THE RISK

While complete prevention remains elusive, there are steps to lower the risk of developing lung cancer:

• Quit Smoking: This can reduce your risk by 30% to 50% over a decade compared to continuing smoking.
• Avoid Secondhand Smoke: Encourage smokers to smoke in designated areas or, better yet, quit.
• Test for Radon: Ensure your home is tested for high radon levels, and take necessary precautions if levels are elevated.
• Know Your Family History: Awareness of genetic predisposition allows for vigilance and early detection.
• Avoid Carcinogenic Exposures: If you work with hazardous substances, take measures to minimize exposure.
• Additional Measures: These include limiting chest radiation, avoiding beta carotene supplements (especially for smokers), improving indoor air quality, adopting a balanced diet, and consulting a lung cancer specialist.